Semen Analysis (Spermogram)

Pooyesh Fertility Clinic

What is a Semen Analysis?

 

Semen analysis, also known as spermogram, is the first diagnostic test recommended by fertility specialists to evaluate male reproductive potential. This test examines various parameters of the semen sample.
To make a reliable assessment of male fertility, at least two semen analyses are required, performed about 4 weeks apart.

Why is it necessary to perform the test twice?

  • Semen quality, even in fertile men, may vary over time.
  • Seasonal changes can affect semen quality.
  • The process of sperm production (spermatogenesis) takes about 2–3 months. Therefore, repeating the test reduces the risk of misinterpretation if one sample shows temporary changes.
  • In some cases, due to improper collection, part of the sample may be lost. A second sample ensures accurate reporting to the physician.

When should the sample be collected after intercourse?

  • The sample should be collected after at least 2 days and no more than 7 days of abstinence.
  • The optimal abstinence period is 2 days.

 

Required Documents

  • Passport
  • For married men, the spouse’s passport also required.

How to Collect the Sample

  • Wash and dry your hands and genital area thoroughly before collection.
  • Ensure the collection container is clean and dry before opening it.
  • The sample must be obtained through masturbation or with the help of your partner (without intercourse).
  • Do not use lubricants, soaps, or regular condoms, as these substances may kill sperm and affect the test results.
  • If collection is difficult, medications or special lubricants/condoms provided by the laboratory can be used with prior coordination.
  • The entire ejaculate must be collected in the container, especially the first portion. If part of the sample is lost, inform the laboratory. (Do not attempt to collect spilled semen.)
  • If a hair or thread falls into the container, do not remove it; the laboratory will handle it safely.
  • Close the lid immediately after collection and ensure it is tightly sealed.
  • Do not rinse the container with water, as this may contaminate the sample.

Bringing a Sample from Home or Hotel

If the semen sample is collected outside the laboratory (e.g., at home or a hotel):

  • The container must be obtained from the laboratory reception, kept sealed, and stored at 20–37°C until use.
  • The sample must be delivered to the laboratory within 30 minutes (maximum 50 minutes) after ejaculation.
  • To maintain temperature, keep the container close to the body under clothing (e.g., in the armpit) during transport.

Key Parameters of Semen Analysis

  • Color: Normal semen is opaque, grayish-white in appearance.
  • Viscosity: Immediately after ejaculation, semen is liquid, then it coagulates, and later liquefies again.
  • Volume: The normal range is 1.5–5 ml. Volumes below or above this range are abnormal.
  • Agglutination: Clumping of motile sperm into one or more masses is abnormal and can reduce fertility.
  • White Blood Cells (WBCs): More than 1 million WBCs per ml suggests infection.
  • Concentration: Number of sperm per milliliter of semen.
  • Total Count: Total number of sperm present in the entire ejaculate.

Motility:

  • Progressive motility: Sperm move forward in a straight line or large circles.
  • Non-progressive motility: Sperm move but without forward progression.
  • Immotile: Sperm show no movement.
  • The percentage of motile sperm is reported as total motility.

Morphology: Semen contains sperm of different shapes. Evaluating sperm head, neck, and tail helps predict fertilization potential and the likelihood of pregnancy.

Visiting Hours for Semen Analysis

  • Saturday to Wednesday: 7:00 AM – 3:00 PM
  • Thursday: 7:00 AM – 11:00 AM
  • Friday and public holidays: Closed